So long as you have not changed the user authentication from the default (i.e. you are NOT using external user management such as LDAP or JIRA) the users of confluence are stored in OS_USER table.

The user's properties such as fullname, email and when they previously logged in, are stored in the OS_PROPERTYENTRY table.

If you know the user's username (which can be found in OS_USER table), you can find their details using the following query:

select * from os_propertyentry p, os_user u where p.entity_id = u.id and u.username='user_name_goes_here';