A disaster recovery strategy is a key part of a business continuity plan. It defines the processes to follow in the event of a disaster to ensure your business can recover and keep operating from a standby system. This means your Bitbucket instance, and more importantly your Bitbucket managed data (source code), is available in the event that your primary system becomes unavailable.

概要

Bitbucket Data Center 4.8 or later is required to implement the strategy described in this guide.

Before you begin, read these initial subsections to get familiar with the various components and terminology used in this guide, review the requirements that must be met to follow this guide, and introduce the example scripts used to perform actions described in this guide.

用語

Cold standby - This guide describes what is generally referred to as a "cold standby" strategy. That means that the standby Bitbucket instance is not continuously running and that some administrative steps need to be taken to start the standby instance in the event of a disaster scenario.
 

Recovery Point Objective (RPO) - How up-to-date you require your Bitbucket instance to be after a failure.

Recovery Time Objective (RTO) - How quickly you require your standby system to be available after a failure.

Recovery Cost Objective (RCO) - How much you are willing to spend on your disaster recovery solution.

コンポーネント

A typical deployment of Bitbucket with a standby for Disaster Recovery is depicted in the following diagram. The standby Bitbucket instances are "cold" (i.e., not running) and the shared file server, database and (optionally) Elasticsearch instances are "warm" (i.e., running) so that replication can occur. 

^{Example component diagram of a typical DR deployment.}

Replication of data sources

Replication of your primary Bitbucket system to a standby system requires:

1. your shared home directory to be on a file system which supports atomic snapshot-level replication to a remote standby, and
2. your database to be capable of replication to a remote standby.

ファイル システム

The shared home directory contains your repository data, log files, user-installed plugins, and so on (see Set the home directory for more detail). You need to replicate your shared home directory onto your standby file server. This process needs to be quick, reliable, and incremental to ensure the standby is as up to date as possible.

  You must choose a file system replication technology that will maintain the data integrity of the Git repositories on disk. 

For example, a replication technology such as RSync would not meet this requirement, as a repository might change during the transfer, causing corruption.

The best way to achieve the desired level of consistency is to use a file system which supports atomic block level snapshots. All files in the snapshot are effectively frozen at the same point in time regardless of how long the replication to the standby takes. The example scripts implement ZFS as the file system for the Bitbucket shared home, as it allows light weight snapshots which can be transferred and restored on a remote system.

データベース

The database contains data about pull requests, comments, users, groups, permissions, and so on. You need to replicate your database and continuously keep it up to date to satisfy your RPO.

See the Supported platforms - Databases section for more details about choosing a supported database technology.

Elasticsearch

This is not technically a key data store as its data derives from a combination of database and repository content. Bitbucket search detects an out of date index and incrementally reconstructs it. However, rebuilding the search index, especially for large installations, can be time consuming, during which search functionality will be impacted.

When Elasticsearch is unavailable the core Bitbucket functionality continues to operate normally. Only the search functionality is impacted if Elasticsearch is offline or out of date. Bitbucket will serve search queries while its index is being rebuilt, but the search results will not be entirely complete or accurate until the index is completely rebuilt. Elasticsearch can be replicated at a lower frequency than the database and file system as Bitbucket only incrementally updates its search index. For example if the search index is a day out of sync, only the changes for the last day need to be indexed. Here are some examples of strategies for Elasticsearch replication:

• No replication – Bitbucket will rebuild the search index when the standby instance comes online
• Backup and restore (low frequency) – Make regular backups of Elasticsearch and restore them on the standby instance. Bitbucket will bring the search index up to date when the standby comes online
• Backup and restore (high frequency) – Snapshot the primary and restore snapshot on the standby at a higher frequency to minimize time to bring the index up to date when the standby comes online

The example scripts implement Elasticsearch snapshots using either s3 or the shared filesystem as the snapshot repository. These scripts will configure the snapshot repository and take manual snapshots.

These data sources comprise the entire state of your Bitbucket instance. Files added through other means, such as files added by plugins, will require another means of replication. In these cases, contact the plugin vendor for recommendations.

Worked example scripts

Atlassian provides some worked example scripts in the atlassian-bitbucket-diy-backup repository that can optionally be used to automate the Disaster Recovery replication and failover process. Worked examples are currently provided only for the following technologies:

These scripts are meant to serve as a starting point, rather than a fully worked DR solution, and should only be used after first configuring and customizing them for your specific environment.

To get the scripts, clone or pull the latest version of atlassian-bitbucket-diy-backup.

git clone git@bitbucket.org:atlassianlabs/atlassian-bitbucket-diy-backup.git

The scripts must be configured before use by copying the appropriate bitbucket.diy-backup.vars.sh.example to bitbucket.diy-backup.vars.sh, and editing to match your environment. Valid configurations for Disaster Recovery are:

STANDBY_HOME_TYPE=zfs

STANDBY_DATABASE_TYPE=amazon-rds or postgresql

You must configure additional variables for these home and database types, and install the same scripts on both the primary and standby systems to use them for Disaster Recovery. Refer to bitbucket.diy-backup.vars.sh.example in the atlassian-bitbucket-diy-backup repository for more information on configuring the scripts for Disaster Recovery.

スタンバイ システムのセットアップ

Step 1. Install Bitbucket Data Center 4.8 or later

Install Bitbucket Data Center on the standby instance the same way you would set up a primary instance. The standby instance is effectively an exact replica of the primary instance, and therefore requires all the components deployed in the primary to be deployed in the standby. This includes a single node or clustered data center instance, database, Elasticsearch and a file server to serve the shared home folder. See Installing Bitbucket Data Center for specific, detailed installation procedures. 

Step 2. Set up replication to the standby instance

This section contains instructions for setting up replication to your standby instance, so that in the event of a disaster you can failover with minimal data loss.

1. Set up file server replication - Set up your standby file server as a replica of your primary. Only the volume containing Bitbucket's shared home directory and any added data stores need to be replicated. Refer to your file server vendor's documentation for more information.

   Worked example

   If using the atlassian-bitbucket-diy-backup worked example scripts, then you can run this command on the primary file server:

   ./setup-disk-replication.sh

2. Set up database replication - Set up your standby database as a read replica of your primary database. Refer to your database vendor's documentation for more information.
   

   Worked example

   If using the atlassian-bitbucket-diy-backup worked example scripts, then you can run this command on the standby database:

   ./setup-db-replication.sh

3. Set up Elasticsearch replication (optional) - The developers of Elasticsearch, provide detailed instructions on setting up snapshot repositories and how the snapshots contained in these repositories can be transferred to the standby cluster. See their article titled Snapshot And Restore for more information. The example scripts will configure the snapshot repository and take manual snapshots using either an s3 or shared filesystem repository.

Step 3. Initiate replication

Once you setup replication, ensure the primary instance is replicating to the standby instance. The method of replication varies depending on the chosen technology. Once set up correctly, most database replication technologies are automatic and do not require ongoing manual steps. File system replication technologies may require the ongoing transfer of snapshots from the primary system to the standby to be automated (for example, via cron).

./replicate-disk.sh

ディザスタ リカバリ テスト

Practice makes perfect, and this applies to verifying your DR failover process, but there is a serious caveat. As Bitbucket's configuration lives in the shared home folder which is replicated from the primary, the settings in the bitbucket.properties file points at production instances, which must be changed before starting the standby instance for testing.

You should exercise extreme care when testing any disaster recovery plan. Simple mistakes could cause your live instance to be corrupted, for example, if testing updates are inserted into a production database. You may detrimentally impact your ability to recover from a real disaster while testing your disaster recovery plan.

It is important to note that your standby instance will be configured as if it was the primary, which can cause issues when testing your disaster recovery plan. When running Bitbucket in disaster recovery mode, the integrity checker may attempt to correct errors it finds when the file server is out of sync with the database. This includes merging, re-opening, and declining pull requests which can cause Jira tickets to update via applinks, and could also send out email notifications.

Before testing your DR deployment

To ensure your standby instance is isolated from your primary instance

1. Isolate your database - Temporarily pause all replication to the standby database, then promote the standby database.

   Worked example

   If using the atlassian-bitbucket-diy-backup worked example scripts, you can run this command on the standby database:

   ./promote-db.sh

2. Isolate your file system - Temporarily pause replication to the standby file system, then promote the standby file system.

   Worked example

   If using the atlassian-bitbucket-diy-backup worked example scripts, you can run this command on the standby file server:

   ./promote-home.sh

3. Edit the bitbucket.properties file on the standby - Update the bitbucket.properties file located in the Bitbucket shared home on the standby file server. Change these properties:
   1. The JDBC connection properties.
   2. The Elasticsearch connection properties.
   3. Set disaster.recovery=true.
   4. Update any other settings that point at production instances to use their standby counterpart.

ディザスタ リカバリ テストの実施

Once you have isolated your standby instance, you can now test your disaster recovery plan.

To test your DR deployment

1. Ensure that the standby database has been promoted and is writable.
2. Ensure that the new shared home directory is ready.
3. Ensure your bitbucket.properties file is correctly configured.
4. Start Bitbucket.
5. Monitor the Bitbucket log file and check for consistency issues, as described in Running integrity checks in Bitbucket Data Center.

After testing, reset your DR deployment

Resetting your DR deployment involves restoring the standby components into a state whereby replication can occur, and this state differs based on the chosen file server and database replication technology. In many cases it may be easier to setup your standby infrastructure again.

To reset your DR deployment

1. Once validation of the standby instance is complete, stop Bitbucket.
2. Restore the file server to a state in which replication can begin.
3. Restore the database to a state in which replication can begin. 

フェイルオーバーのハンドリング

In the event your primary instance is unavailable, you need to failover to your standby system. This section describes how to do this, including instructions on how to check the data in your standby system.

To failover to your standby instance

1. Promote your standby database - Ensure the standby database is ready to accept connections and can no longer receive any further updates from the primary. Refer to your database vendor's documentation for more information.

   Worked example

   If using the atlassian-bitbucket-diy-backup worked example scripts, then you can run this command on the standby database:

   ./promote-db.sh

2. Promote your standby file server - Ensure the standby file server can not receive any further updates from the primary. Refer to your file server vendor's documentation for more information.

   Worked example

   If using the atlassian-bitbucket-diy-backup worked example scripts, then you can run this command on the standby file server:

   ./promote-home.sh

3. Edit the bitbucket.properties file on the standby - Update the bitbucket.properties file located in the Bitbucket shared home on the standby file server. Set disaster.recovery=true, and ensure all the properties are appropriate for the standby environment. At a minimum, check that these properties are defined:

   disaster.recovery=true

   jdbc.url=<the URL of your standby database>

   plugin.search.elasticsearch.baseurl=<the URL of your standby Elasticsearch instance>

   hazelcast.network.tcpip.members=<the IP addresses of your standby cluster nodes>

   Note that during normal replication, bitbucket.properties on the standby is identical to the primary system. During failover, it is important to ensure the configuration of your bitbucket.properties file matches the standby system's configuration before you start Bitbucket on the standby, or the standby may not start or attempt to connect to services in the primary's environment.

4. Start Bitbucket on one node in the standby instance.

5. Monitor the Bitbucket log file and check for consistency issues, as described in Running integrity checks in Bitbucket Data Center.

6. If required, start the other Bitbucket nodes.

7. Update your DNS, HTTP Proxy, or other front end devices to route traffic to your standby server.

8. Update the mail server configuration if the mail server differs from the production mail server.

プライマリ インスタンスに戻る

In most cases, you'll want to return to using your primary instance after you've resolved the problems that caused the disaster. There are basically two approaches for this:

1. Schedule a reasonably-sized outage window. Take a full backup of the standby system's home directory and database (for example, with the tools described in Data recovery and backups), and restore it on the primary system.
2. Run the replication and failover steps in reverse, where the standby system now takes the role of the primary, and the original primary system acts as a standby until you cut over. 

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