Stash is now known as Bitbucket Server.
See the

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of this page, or visit the Bitbucket Server documentation home page.

This page is intended for administrators setting up Stash for a small team. It describes how to enable HTTPS (HTTP over SSL) access for Tomcat, the webserver distributed with Stash, using a self-signed certificate. You should consider doing this, and making secure access mandatory, if Stash will be internet-facing and usernames, passwords and other proprietary data may be at risk.

If you are setting up a production instance you should consider using a CA certificate, briefly described below.

There are other network topology options for running Stash, including running Stash behind a reverse proxy. For an overview of some common options, see Proxying and securing Stash.

When Stash is set up following the instructions on this page, access to Stash is direct, and all communication between the user's browser and Stash will be secured using SSL.

STash_topo_direct_ssl

注意:

  • Stash will listen for requests on port 8443, according to the instuctions in Securing Stash with Tomcat using SSL. This port can be changed if required.
  • The address with which to access Stash, by default, will be https://<computer name>:8443. Change the base URL for Stash if required.
  • Any existing links with other applications will need to be reconfigured using this new URL for Stash.
  • You can set the context path for Stash if you are running another Atlassian application, or Java web application, at the same hostname and context path as Stash.
  • Securing Git operations between the user's computer and Stash is a separate consideration - see Enabling SSH access to Git.

Please note that Atlassian Support will refer SSL-related support to the issuing authority for the certificate. The documentation on this page is for reference only.

1. Generate a self-signed certificate

Users may receive a warning that the site is untrusted and have to "accept" the certificate before they can access the site. This usually will only occur the first time they access the site.

The following approach to creating a certificate uses Java's keytool, for Java 1.6. Other tools for generating certificates are available.

To generate a self-signed certificate:

  • Log in with the user account that Stash will run under, and run the following command:

    Windows
    "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool" -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA
                          
    Linux, MacOS and Unix
    $JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -genkey -alias tomcat -keyalg RSA


    This will create (if it doesn't already exist) a new .keystore file located in the home directory of the user you used to run the keytool command.

次の点にご注意ください。

  • When running the keytool command you will be prompted with: What is your first and last name?

    You must enter the fully qualified hostname of the server running Stash. This is the name you would type in your web browser after 'http://' (no port number) to access your Stash installation. The qualified host name should match the base URL you have set in Stash (without the port number).
  • The keytool utility will also prompt you for two passwords: the keystore password and the key password for Tomcat.

    You must use the same value for both passwords, and the value must be either:
    • "changeit", which is the default value Tomcat expects, or
    • any other value, but you must also specify it in conf/server.xml by adding the following attribute to the <Connector/> tag: keystorePass="<password value>"

2. Configure HTTPS in Tomcat

To configure HTTPS in Tomcat:

  1. Edit conf/server.xml and, at the bottom, before the </Service> tag, add this section (or uncomment this if it already exists):

    <Connector port="8443" 
      maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" 
      SSLEnabled="true"
    	maxThreads="150" 
      minSpareThreads="25" 
      maxSpareThreads="75"
    	enableLookups="false" 
      disableUploadTimeout="true" 
      useBodyEncodingForURI="true"
    	acceptCount="100" 
      scheme="https" 
      secure="true"
    	clientAuth="false" 
      sslProtocol="TLS" />

    This enables SSL access on port 8443 (the default for HTTPS is 443, but 8443 is used here instead of 443 to avoid conflicts).

     

  2. Comment out the existing Connector directive for port 7990 in conf/server.xml, so as to disable HTTP access, if you want all access to Stash to make use of HTTPS. That is, comment out this directive:

    <Connector port="7990"
        protocol="HTTP/1.1"
        connectionTimeout="20000"
        useBodyEncodingForURI="true"
        redirectPort="8443"
        compression="on"
        compressableMimeType="text/html,text/xml,text/plain,text/css,application/json,application/javascript,application/x-javascript" />
  3. Start, or re-start, Stash. You will be able to access Stash at https://localhost:8443/ in your browser.

Exporting the self-signed certificate

If Stash will run as the user who ran the keytool --genkey command, you do not need to export the certificate.

You may need to export the self-signed certificate, so that you can import it into a different keystore, if Stash will not be run as the user executing keytool --genkey. You can do so with the following command:

Windows
"%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool" -export -alias tomcat -file file.cer
Linux, MacOS and Unix
$JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -export -alias tomcat -file file.cer

If you generate the certificate as one user and run Stash as another, you'll need to do the certificate export as the generating user and the import as the target user.

Requesting a CA certificate

Digital certificates that are issued by trusted 3rd party CAs (Certification Authorities) provide verification that your website does indeed represent your company.

When running Stash in a production environment, you will need a certificate issued by a CA, such as VeriSignThawte or TrustCenter. The instructions below are adapted from the Tomcat documentation.

First, you will generate a local certificate and create a 'certificate signing request' (CSR) based on that certificate. You then submit the CSR to your chosen certificate authority. The CA will use that CSR to generate a certificate for you.

  1. Use Java's keytool utility to generate a local certificate, as described in the section above.
  2. Use the keytool utility to generate a CSR, replacing the text <MY_KEYSTORE_FILENAME> with the path to and file name of the .keystore file generated for your local certificate:

    Windows
    "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool" -certreq -keyalg RSA -alias tomcat -file certreq.csr -keystore <MY_KEYSTORE_FILENAME>
    Linux, MacOS and Unix
    $JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -certreq -keyalg RSA -alias tomcat -file certreq.csr -keystore <MY_KEYSTORE_FILENAME>
  3. Submit the generated file called certreq.csr to your chosen certificate authority. Refer to the documentation on the CA's website to find out how to do this.
  4. CA が証明書を送信します。
  5. Import the new certificate into your local keystore. Assuming your certificate is called "file.cer" whether obtained from a CA or self-generated, the following command will add the certificate to the keystore:

    Windows
    "%JAVA_HOME%\bin\keytool" -import -alias tomcat -file file.cer 
    Linux, MacOS and Unix
    $JAVA_HOME/bin/keytool -import -alias tomcat -file file.cer

トラブルシューティング

Here are some troubleshooting tips if you are using a self-signed key created by keytool, or a CA certificate, as described above.

When you enter "https://localhost:8443/" in your browser, if you get a message such as "Cannot establish a connection to the server at localhost:8443", look for error messages in your logs/catalina.out log file. Here are some possible errors with explanations:

SSL + Apache + IE problems

Some people have reported errors when uploading attachments over SSL using IE. This is due to an IE bug, and can be fixed in Apache by setting:

BrowserMatch ".MSIE." \
	nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
	downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0

Google has plenty more on this.

Can't find the keystore

java.io.FileNotFoundException: /home/user/.keystore (No such file or directory)

This indicates that Tomcat cannot find the keystore. The keytool utility creates the keystore as a file called .keystore in the current user's home directory. For Unix/Linux the home directory is likely to be /home/<username>. For Windows it is likely to be C:\User\<UserName>.

Make sure you are running Stash as the same user who created the keystore. If this is not the case, or if you are running Stash on Windows as a service, you will need to specify where the keystore file is in conf/server.xml. Add the following attribute to the connector tag you uncommented:

 keystoreFile="<Keystore ファイルの場所>"

間違ったパスワード

java.io.IOException: Keystore was tampered with, or password was incorrect

You used a different password than "changeit". You must either use "changeit" for both the keystore password and for the key password for Tomcat, or if you want to use a different password, you must specify it using the keystorePass attribute of the Connector tag, as described above.

パスワードが一致しません

java.io.IOException: Cannot recover key

Tomcat のキーストアパスワードとキーパスワードに異なるパスワードが使われていることを意味します。この二つのパスワードは同一でなければなりません。

Wrong certificate

javax.net.ssl.SSLException:有効化されている SSL 暗号化スイートと一致する、利用可能な証明書がありません。

If the Keystore has more than one certificate, Tomcat will use the first returned unless otherwise specified in the SSL Connector in conf/server.xml.

Add the keyAlias attribute to the Connector tag you uncommented, with the relevant alias, for example:

<Connector port="8443" 
  maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
	maxThreads="150" 
  minSpareThreads="25" 
  maxSpareThreads="75"
	enableLookups="false" 
  disableUploadTimeout="true" 
  useBodyEncodingForURI="true"
	acceptCount="100" 
  scheme="https" 
  secure="true"
	clientAuth="false" 
  sslProtocol="TLS"
	keystoreFile="/opt/local/.keystore"
	keystorePass="removed"
	keyAlias="tomcat"/> 

APR では異なる SSL エンジンが使用されており、次のような例外処理情報がログに記録されることがあります。

SEVERE: Failed to initialize connector [Connector[HTTP/1.1-8443]]
LifecycleException:  Protocol handler initialization failed: java.lang.Exception: No Certificate file specified or invalid file format

これは APR コネクターが OpenSSL を使用しており、キーストアの使用方法が異なることが原因です。この問題の解決策は 2 通りあります :

Use the Http11Protocol to handle SSL connections

Edit the server.xml so that the SSL Connector tag you just uncommented specifies the Http11Protocol instead of the APR protocol:

 <Connector port="8443" 
  protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol"
	maxHttpHeaderSize="8192" 
  SSLEnabled="true" 
  keystoreFile="${user.home}/.keystore"
	maxThreads="150" 
  enableLookups="false" 
  disableUploadTimeout="true"
	acceptCount="100" 
  scheme="https" 
  secure="true"
	clientAuth="false" 
  sslProtocol="TLS" 
  useBodyEncodingForURI="true" />
Configure the Connector to use the APR protocol

This is only possible if you have PEM encoded certificates and private keys. If you have used OpenSSL to generate your key, then you will have these PEM encoded files - in all other cases contact your certificate provider for assistance.

 <Connector port="8443" 
  maxThreads="200"
	scheme="https" 
  secure="true" 
  SSLEnabled="true"
	SSLCertificateFile="${user.home}/certificate.pem"
	SSLCertificateKeyFile="${user.home}/key.pem"
	clientAuth="optional"  
  SSLProtocol="TLSv1"/>

Enabling client authentication

To enable client authentication in Tomcat, ensure that the value of the clientAuth attribute in your Connector element of your Tomcat's server.xml file is true.

<Connector
	...
	clientAuth="true"
	... /> 

For more information about Connector element parameters, please refer to the 'SSL Support' section of the Tomcat 6.0 documentation.

Wrong certificate type

If the certificate from the CA is in PKSC12 format, add the keystoreType attribute to the SSL Connector in conf/server.xml.

keystoreFile="/opt/local/wildcard_atlassian_com.p12"
keystorePass="removed"
keystoreType="PKCS12"/>

Certificate chain is incomplete

If the root certificate and intermediary certificate(s) aren't imported into the keystore before the entity/domain certificate, you will see the following error:

[root@dev atlas]# /usr/java/jdk1.7.0_17/bin/keytool -import -alias tomcat -file my_entity_cert.crt
Enter keystore password:
keytool error: java.lang.Exception: Failed to establish chain from reply

Most likely, the CA sent a compressed file containing several certificates. The import order matters so you must import the root certificate first, followed by one or many intermediate certificates, followed lastly by the entity/domain certificate. There are many resources online that provide guidance for certificate installation for Tomcat (Java-based) web servers using keytool.